15 Main Parts of a Computer

Published: 20 Jul 2025

Computers have become a big part of our daily lives. We use them to learn, play, work, and stay connected. But have you ever wondered what parts make a computer work? Just like our body has different parts like hands, eyes, and a brain, the computer also has many important parts that work together to help it do amazing things.

Let’s take a friendly and simple journey into the world of computers and explore their main parts, one by one. First, we’ll look at a full list of these parts before discussing each in detail.

Table of Content

🖥️ Parts of Computer (List View)
🖥️ Monitor
🧠 CPU (Central Processing Unit)
⌨️ Keyboard
🖱️ Mouse
🔊 Speakers
🖨️ Printer
📄 Scanner
📷 Webcam
🎤 Microphone
🔋 UPS (Uninterruptible Power Supply)
💾 Hard Disk
📥 RAM (Random Access Memory)
🧩 Motherboard
🎮 Graphic Card
🔌 Power Supply Unit (PSU)
📝 Conclusion
❓ Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

🖥️ Parts of Computer (List View)

Here is a complete list of the 15 main parts of a computer that we will discuss in this article:

Monitor
CPU (Central Processing Unit)
Keyboard
Mouse
Speakers
Printer
Scanner
Webcam
Microphone
UPS (Uninterruptible Power Supply)
Hard Disk
RAM (Random Access Memory)
Motherboard
Graphic Card
Power Supply Unit (PSU)

Now, let’s explore each part in detail in an easy way!

🖥️ Monitor

Let’s begin with the part we look at the most!

The monitor is the screen of the computer. It shows pictures, text, videos, and everything we do on the computer. Monitors come in different sizes and shapes, just like TV screens.

A monitor is an output device.
It displays images and information.
You can watch videos and play games on it.
Touchscreen monitors allow you to touch and operate directly.
Most monitors are either LED or LCD today.

🧠 CPU (Central Processing Unit)

The CPU is often called the brain of the computer. It controls all the other parts and carries out instructions.

It processes data and makes decisions.
All software runs through the CPU.
Without a CPU, the computer cannot work.
It fits inside the CPU cabinet or tower.
It is made up of small circuits and chips.

⌨️ Keyboard

Typing your name, searching on Google, or writing a document — all need a keyboard.

The keyboard is used to type letters, numbers, and symbols into the computer. It has many keys arranged in a specific layout.

It is an input device.
Standard keyboards have around 104 keys.
You can use shortcut keys to work faster.
There are wired and wireless keyboards.
QWERTY is the most common keyboard layout.

🖱️ Mouse

A mouse helps us to click, select, and move things on the screen. It works just like our hand does!

A mouse is another input device.
It has right-click, left-click, and scroll wheel.
Moves the pointer on the screen.
Comes in both wired and wireless types.
Helps in drag-and-drop actions.

🔊 Speakers

Who doesn’t like music or hearing fun sounds while watching a video?

Speakers are used to hear sound from the computer. They are connected with wires or Bluetooth.

They are output devices.
Used for music, games, and videos.
External speakers are louder than built-in ones.
Some have volume control buttons.
You can also plug in headphones.

🖨️ Printer

Want to print your drawings or homework? You need a printer.

A printer gives you a paper copy of what’s on the screen.

It is an output device.
Used for printing text or images.
Comes in black & white or color versions.
Inkjet and laser are two main types.
Can be wired or wireless.

📄 Scanner

If you want to put a photo or paper document into your computer, use a scanner.

A scanner takes a picture of the document and saves it inside the computer.

It is an input device.
Scans photos, books, and papers.
Converts paper data to digital.
Flatbed and handheld scanners are common.
Many printers now have scanners too.

📷 Webcam

Do you attend online classes or video calls? You’re using a webcam!

A webcam helps you capture live video and send it through the internet.

It is an input device.
Used for Zoom or Google Meet.
Built-in webcams in laptops are common.
Can take photos too.
Connects via USB or built-in ports.

🎤 Microphone

To speak in a call or record your voice, you need a microphone.

The microphone picks up sound and sends it into the computer.

It is an input device.
Records voice, singing, or sounds.
Useful in online classes and meetings.
Can be built-in or connected separately.
Headsets also include microphones.

🔋 UPS (Uninterruptible Power Supply)

When the power goes off, you don’t want your work lost, right?

That’s why we use a UPS.

Provides backup power to the computer.
Gives time to save work before shut down.
Protects the system from sudden shutdowns.
Helps prevent data loss.
Especially useful during power outages.

💾 Hard Disk

Where do all your files go? They are saved in the hard disk.

A hard disk stores data for a long time.

It is a storage device.
Saves software, photos, videos, etc.
Can be internal or external.
Measured in GB or TB.
Faster types include SSDs.

📥 RAM (Random Access Memory)

RAM is like your short-term memory.

It helps the computer work faster by remembering tasks temporarily.

It is a type of memory.
Stores data while you’re working on it.
More RAM means faster performance.
It is cleared when the computer shuts down.
Comes in different sizes like 4GB, 8GB, etc.

🧩 Motherboard

All the small computer parts connect to one big board — the motherboard.

It is like the heart and road system of the computer.

Connects CPU, RAM, hard disk, and more.
Allows communication between all parts.
Found inside the CPU box.
Very thin and flat with circuits.
All devices are plugged into it.

🎮 Graphic Card

Want to play games or watch high-quality videos?

Then you need a graphics card.

It is used to show images and videos.
Improves video and game performance.
Can be built-in or added separately.
Gamers love high-end graphic cards.
Also called video card or GPU.

🔌 Power Supply Unit (PSU)

All the parts need electricity to work. That’s the job of the power supply unit.

It changes power from the socket into usable power for the computer.

Supplies power to the motherboard and devices.
Found inside the CPU cabinet.
Has a cooling fan to prevent heat.
Converts AC to DC power.
Needed for turning the computer on.

📝 Conclusion

Now that you know all the main parts of a computer, you can understand how they work together like a team. Each part has a job to do, and together, they help you learn, play, work, and create new things. Computers are not just machines — they are smart helpers, and their parts are what make them special.

❓ Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Here we will discuss some important Frequently Asked Questions related to the Parts of a Computer.

What is the most important part of a computer?

The CPU is the most important because it controls all the operations and runs all programs. It’s like the brain of the computer.

Can a computer work without a monitor?

Yes, but you won’t be able to see anything. A monitor is needed to view your work.

What part helps in typing?

The keyboard is used for typing letters, numbers, and commands.

Which part saves all your files?

The hard disk saves your data like pictures, songs, and documents.

Is a mouse necessary for a laptop?

Laptops have touchpads, but using a mouse can make work easier and faster.

How does a printer help us?

A printer gives us paper copies of what is on the screen, like photos or homework.

What part helps in online meetings?

You use a webcam and microphone to join video calls and talk in meetings.

Why is RAM important?

RAM makes your computer run faster by holding current work temporarily.

What happens if power goes off?

A UPS can give you backup time to save your work and shut down safely.

What is a scanner used for?

A scanner is used to copy photos or papers into your computer in digital form.